DIR_COLORS(5) Linux User Manual DIR_COLORS(5)
NAME
dir_colors - configuration file for dircolors(1)
DESCRIPTION
The program ls(1) uses the environment variable LS_COLORS to determine
the colors in which the filenames are to be displayed. This environ
ment variable is usually set by a command like
eval `dircolors some_path/dir_colors`
found in a system default shell initialization file, like /etc/profile
or /etc/csh.cshrc. (See also dircolors(1).) Usually, the file used
here is /etc/DIR_COLORS and can be overridden by a .dir_colors file in
ones home directory.
This configuration file consists of several statements, one per line.
Anything right of a hash mark (#) is treated as a comment, if the hash
mark is at the beginning of a line or is preceded by at least one
whitespace. Blank lines are ignored.
The global section of the file consists of any statement before the
first TERM statement. Any statement in the global section of the file
is considered valid for all terminal types. Following the global sec
tion is one or more terminal-specific sections, preceded by one or more
TERM statements which specify the terminal types (as given by the TERM
environment variable) the following declarations apply to. It is
always possible to override a global declaration by a subsequent termi
nal-specific one.
The following statements are recognized; case is insignificant:
TERM terminal-type
Starts a terminal-specific section and specifies which terminal
it applies to. Multiple TERM statements can be used to create a
section which applies for several terminal types.
COLOR yes|all|no|none|tty
(Slackware only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1).) Specifies that
colorization should always be enabled (yes or all), never
enabled (no or none), or enabled only if the output is a termi
nal (tty). The default is no.
EIGHTBIT yes|no
(Slackware only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1).) Specifies that
eight-bit ISO 8859 characters should be enabled by default. For
compatibility reasons, this can also be specified as 1 for yes
or 0 for no. The default is no.
OPTIONS options
(Slackware only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1).) Adds command-
line options to the default ls command line. The options can be
any valid ls command-line options, and should include the lead
ing minus sign. Note that dircolors does not verify the valid
ity of these options.
NORMAL color-sequence
Specifies the color used for normal (non-filename) text.
FILE color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a regular file.
DIR color-sequence
Specifies the color used for directories.
LINK color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a symbolic link.
ORPHAN color-sequence
Specifies the color used for an orphaned symbolic link (one
which points to a nonexistent file). If this is unspecified, ls
will use the LINK color instead.
MISSING color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a missing file (a nonexistent file
which nevertheless has a symbolic link pointing to it). If this
is unspecified, ls will use the FILE color instead.
FIFO color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a FIFO (named pipe).
SOCK color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a socket.
DOOR color-sequence
(Supported since fileutils 4.1) Specifies the color used for a
door (Solaris 2.5 and later).
BLK color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a block device special file.
CHR color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a character device special file.
EXEC color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a file with the executable
attribute set.
LEFTCODE color-sequence
Specifies the left code for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below).
RIGHTCODE color-sequence
Specifies the right code for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below).
ENDCODE color-sequence
Specifies the end code for non-ISO 6429 terminals (see below).
*extension color-sequence
Specifies the color used for any file that ends in extension.
.extension color-sequence
Same as *.extension. Specifies the color used for any file that
ends in .extension. Note that the period is included in the
extension, which makes it impossible to specify an extension not
starting with a period, such as ~ for emacs backup files. This
form should be considered obsolete.
ISO 6429 (ANSI) Color Sequences
Most color-capable ASCII terminals today use ISO 6429 (ANSI) color
sequences, and many common terminals without color capability, includ
ing xterm and the widely used and cloned DEC VT100, will recognize ISO
6429 color codes and harmlessly eliminate them from the output or emu
late them. ls uses ISO 6429 codes by default, assuming colorization is
enabled.
ISO 6429 color sequences are composed of sequences of numbers separated
by semicolons. The most common codes are:
0 to restore default color
1 for brighter colors
4 for underlined text
5 for flashing text
30 for black foreground
31 for red foreground
32 for green foreground
33 for yellow (or brown) foreground
34 for blue foreground
35 for purple foreground
36 for cyan foreground
37 for white (or gray) foreground
40 for black background
41 for red background
42 for green background
43 for yellow (or brown) background
44 for blue background
45 for purple background
46 for cyan background
47 for white (or gray) background
Not all commands will work on all systems or display devices.
ls uses the following defaults:
NORMAL 0 Normal (non-filename) text
FILE 0 Regular file
DIR 32 Directory
LINK 36 Symbolic link
ORPHAN undefined Orphaned symbolic link
MISSING undefined Missing file
FIFO 31 Named pipe (FIFO)
SOCK 33 Socket
BLK 44;37 Block device
CHR 44;37 Character device
EXEC 35 Executable file
A few terminal programs do not recognize the default properly. If all
text gets colorized after you do a directory listing, change the NORMAL
and FILE codes to the numerical codes for your normal foreground and
background colors.
Other Terminal Types (Advanced Configuration)
If you have a color-capable (or otherwise highlighting) terminal (or
printer!) which uses a different set of codes, you can still generate a
suitable setup. To do so, you will have to use the LEFTCODE, RIGHT
CODE, and ENDCODE definitions.
When writing out a filename, ls generates the following output
sequence: LEFTCODE typecode RIGHTCODE filename ENDCODE, where the type
code is the color sequence that depends on the type or name of file.
If the ENDCODE is undefined, the sequence LEFTCODE NORMAL RIGHTCODE
will be used instead. The purpose of the left- and rightcodes is
merely to reduce the amount of typing necessary (and to hide ugly
escape codes away from the user). If they are not appropriate for your
terminal, you can eliminate them by specifying the respective keyword
on a line by itself.
NOTE: If the ENDCODE is defined in the global section of the setup
file, it cannot be undefined in a terminal-specific section of the
file. This means any NORMAL definition will have no effect. A differ
ent ENDCODE can, however, be specified, which would have the same
effect.
Escape Sequences
To specify control- or blank characters in the color sequences or file
name extensions, either C-style \-escaped notation or stty-style
^-notation can be used. The C-style notation includes the following
characters:
\a Bell (ASCII 7)
\b Backspace (ASCII 8)
\e Escape (ASCII 27)
\f Form feed (ASCII 12)
\n Newline (ASCII 10)
\r Carriage Return (ASCII 13)
\t Tab (ASCII 9)
\v Vertical Tab (ASCII 11)
\? Delete (ASCII 127)
\nnn Any character (octal notation)
\xnnn Any character (hexadecimal notation)
\_ Space
\\ Backslash (\)
\^ Caret (^)
\# Hash mark (#)
Please note that escapes are necessary to enter a space, backslash,
caret, or any control character anywhere in the string, as well as a
hash mark as the first character.
FILES
/etc/DIR_COLORS
System-wide configuration file.
~/.dir_colors
Per-user configuration file.
This page describes the dir_colors file format as used in the fileu
tils-4.1 package; other versions may differ slightly.
NOTES
The default LEFTCODE and RIGHTCODE definitions, which are used by ISO
6429 terminals are:
LEFTCODE \e[
RIGHTCODE m
The default ENDCODE is undefined.
FILES
/etc/DIR_COLORS
(Slackware, SuSE and RedHat only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1)
and thus Debian.) System-wide configuration file.
~/.dir_colors
(Slackware, SuSE and RedHat only; ignored by GNU dircolors(1)
and thus Debian.) Per-user configuration file.
SEE ALSO
dircolors(1), ls(1), stty(1), xterm(1)
COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.05 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
GNU 2001-12-26 DIR_COLORS(5)
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