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curl(1) 			  Curl Manual			       curl(1)



NAME
       curl - transfer a URL

SYNOPSIS
       curl [options] [URL...]

DESCRIPTION
       curl  is  a tool to transfer data from or to a server, using one of the
       supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, TFTP, DICT,  TELNET,  LDAP
       or FILE).  The command is designed to work without user interaction.

       curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authen
       tication, ftp upload, HTTP post,  SSL  (https:)	connections,  cookies,
       file  transfer  resume  and  more. As you will see below, the amount of
       features will make your head spin!

       curl is powered by  libcurl  for  all  transfer-related	features.  See
       libcurl(3) for details.

URL
       The  URL  syntax is protocol dependent. Youll find a detailed descrip
       tion in RFC 3986.

       You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs  by  writing  part  sets
       within braces as in:

	http://site.{one,two,three}.com

       or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:

	ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[1-100].txt
	ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[001-100].txt    (with leading zeros)
	ftp://ftp.letters.com/file[a-z].txt

       No nesting of the sequences is supported at the moment, but you can use
       several ones next to each other:

	http://any.org/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part{a,b,c}.html

       You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line.	They  will  be
       fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order.

       Since  curl 7.15.1 you can also specify step counter for the ranges, so
       that you can get every Nth number or letter:

	http://www.numericals.com/file[1-100:10].txt
	http://www.letters.com/file[a-z:2].txt

       If you specify URL without protocol:// prefix,  curl  will  attempt  to
       guess  what  protocol  you might want. It will then default to HTTP but
       try other protocols based on often-used host name prefixes.  For  exam
       ple,  for  host names starting with "ftp." curl will assume you want to
       speak FTP.

       Curl will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file transfers, so
       that  getting many files from the same server will not do multiple con
       nects / handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is only done on
       files  specified  on  a	single command line and cannot be used between
       separate curl invokes.

PROGRESS METER
       curl normally displays a progress meter during  operations,  indicating
       amount of transfered data, transfer speeds and estimated time left etc.

       However, since curl displays data to the terminal by  default,  if  you
       invoke  curl  to  do  an operation and it is about to write data to the
       terminal, it disables the progress meter as otherwise it would mess  up
       the output mixing progress meter and response data.

       If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to
       redirect the response output to a file, using shell  redirect  (>),  -o
       [file] or similar.

       It  is  not the same case for FTP upload as that operation is not spit
       ting out any response data to the terminal.

       If you prefer a progress "bar" instead of the regular meter, -# is your
       friend.

OPTIONS
       -a/--append
	      (FTP)  When used in an FTP upload, this will tell curl to append
	      to the target file  instead  of  overwriting  it.  If  the  file
	      doesnt exist, it will be created.

	      If this option is used twice, the second one will disable append
	      mode again.

       -A/--user-agent 
	      (HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server.
	      Some  badly  done CGIs fail if its not set to "Mozilla/4.0".  To
	      encode blanks in the string, surround  the  string  with	single
	      quote  marks.   This can also be set with the -H/--header option
	      of course.

	      If this option is set more than once, the last one will  be  the
	      one thats used.

       --anyauth
	      (HTTP) Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself,
	      and use the most secure one the remote site claims it  supports.
	      This is done by first doing a request and checking the response-
	      headers, thus inducing an extra network round-trip. This is used
	      instead  of  setting a specific authentication method, which you
	      can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and --negotiate.

	      Note that using --anyauth is not recommended if you  do  uploads
	      from  stdin, since it may require data to be sent twice and then
	      the client must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when
	      uploading from stdin, the upload operation will fail.

	      If  this option is used several times, the following occurrences
	      make no difference.

       -b/--cookie 
	      (HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server as a cookie. It is  sup
	      posedly  the data previously received from the server in a "Set-
	      Cookie:" line.  The data should be in the format	"NAME1=VALUE1;
	      NAME2=VALUE2".

	      If  no  = letter is used in the line, it is treated as a file
	      name to use to read previously stored cookie lines  from,  which
	      should  be used in this session if they match. Using this method
	      also activates the "cookie parser" which will make  curl	record
	      incoming cookies too, which may be handy if youre using this in
	      combination with the -L/--location option. The  file  format  of
	      the  file  to  read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
	      the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.

	      NOTE that the file specified with -b/--cookie is	only  used  as
	      input.  No cookies will be stored in the file. To store cookies,
	      use the -c/--cookie-jar option or you could even save  the  HTTP
	      headers to a file using -D/--dump-header!

	      If  this	option is set more than once, the last one will be the
	      one thats used.

       -B/--use-ascii
	      Enable ASCII transfer when using FTP or LDAP. For FTP, this  can
	      also  be enforced by using an URL that ends with ";type=A". This
	      option causes data sent to stdout to be in text mode  for  win32
	      systems.

	      If  this option is used twice, the second one will disable ASCII
	      usage.

       --basic
	      (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication. This is  the
	      default  and this option is usually pointless, unless you use it
	      to override a  previously  set  option  that  sets  a  different
	      authentication  method  (such  as --ntlm, --digest and --negoti
	      ate).

	      If this option is used several times, the following  occurrences
	      make no difference.

       --ciphers 
	      (SSL) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list
	      of ciphers must be using valid ciphers. Read up  on  SSL	cipher
	      list	     details	       on	    this	  URL:
	      http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will override
	      the others.

       --compressed
	      (HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms
	      libcurl supports, and return the uncompressed document.  If this
	      option  is  used	and  the server sends an unsupported encoding,
	      Curl will report an error.

	      If this option is used several times, each occurrence will  tog
	      gle it on/off.

       --connect-timeout 
	      Maximum  time  in  seconds  that you allow the connection to the
	      server to take.  This only limits  the  connection  phase,  once
	      curl  has  connected this option is of no more use. See also the
	      -m/--max-time option.

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -c/--cookie-jar 
	      Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a
	      completed operation. Curl writes	all  cookies  previously  read
	      from  a  specified  file	as  well  as all cookies received from
	      remote server(s). If no cookies are known, no file will be writ
	      ten.  The  file  will  be written using the Netscape cookie file
	      format. If you set the file name to  a  single  dash,  "-",  the
	      cookies will be written to stdout.

	      NOTE If the cookie jar cant be created or written to, the whole
	      curl operation wont fail or even report an error clearly. Using
	      -v  will	get  a warning displayed, but that is the only visible
	      feedback you get about this possibly lethal situation.

	      If this option is used several times, the  last  specified  file
	      name will be used.

       -C/--continue-at 
	      Continue/Resume  a  previous  file transfer at the given offset.
	      The given offset is the exact  number  of  bytes	that  will  be
	      skipped  counted from the beginning of the source file before it
	      is transferred to the destination.  If used  with  uploads,  the
	      ftp server command SIZE will not be used by curl.

	      Use  "-C	-" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to
	      resume the transfer. It then uses the given  output/input  files
	      to figure that out.

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --create-dirs
	      When used in conjunction with the -o option,  curl  will	create
	      the  necessary  local directory hierarchy as needed. This option
	      creates the dirs mentioned with the -o option, nothing else.  If
	      the  -o file name uses no dir or if the dirs it mentions already
	      exist, no dir will be created.

	      To create remote directories when using FTP,  try  --ftp-create-
	      dirs.

       --crlf (FTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390).

	      If  this option is used several times, the following occurrences
	      make no difference.

       -d/--data 
	      (HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request  to  the  HTTP
	      server,  in  a way that can emulate as if a user has filled in a
	      HTML form and pressed the submit button. Note that the  data  is
	      sent  exactly  as  specified  with no extra processing (with all
	      newlines cut off).  The data is expected	to  be	"url-encoded".
	      This  will  cause  curl to pass the data to the server using the
	      content-type   application/x-www-form-urlencoded.   Compare   to
	      -F/--form.  If  this  option  is used more than once on the same
	      command line, the data pieces specified will be merged  together
	      with  a  separating  &-letter.  Thus,  using  -d name=daniel -d
	      skill=lousy  would  generate  a  post  chunk  that  looks  like
	      name=daniel&skill=lousy.

	      If  you  start  the data with the letter @, the rest should be a
	      file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl  to  read
	      the  data  from stdin.  The contents of the file must already be
	      url-encoded. Multiple files can also be specified. Posting  data
	      from  a file named foobar would thus be done with --data @foo
	      bar".

	      To post data purely binary, you should instead use  the  --data-
	      binary option.

	      -d/--data is the same as --data-ascii.

	      If  this	option	is  used several times, the ones following the
	      first will append data.

       --data-ascii 
	      (HTTP) This is an alias for the -d/--data option.

	      If this option is used several times,  the  ones	following  the
	      first will append data.

       --data-binary 
	      (HTTP) This posts data in a similar manner as --data-ascii does,
	      although when using this option the entire context of the posted
	      data  is	kept  as-is. If you want to post a binary file without
	      the strip-newlines feature of the --data-ascii option,  this  is
	      for you.

	      If  this	option	is  used several times, the ones following the
	      first will append data.

       --digest
	      (HTTP) Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is a authentica
	      tion that prevents the password from being sent over the wire in
	      clear text. Use this in combination with	the  normal  -u/--user
	      option to set user name and password. See also --ntlm, --negoti
	      ate and --anyauth for related options.

	      If this option is used several times, the following  occurrences
	      make no difference.

       --disable-eprt
	      (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands
	      when doing active FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first
	      attempt  to use EPRT, then LPRT before using PORT, but with this
	      option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and  LPRT  are	exten
	      sions  to the original FTP protocol, may not work on all servers
	      but enable more functionality in a better way  than  the	tradi
	      tional PORT command.

	      If  this option is used several times, each occurrence will tog
	      gle this on/off.

       --disable-epsv
	      (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use  of  the  EPSV  command  when
	      doing  passive  FTP  transfers.  Curl will normally always first
	      attempt to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option,  it  will
	      not try using EPSV.

	      If  this option is used several times, each occurrence will tog
	      gle this on/off.

       -D/--dump-header 
	      Write the protocol headers to the specified file.

	      This option is handy to use when you want to store  the  headers
	      that  a  HTTP  site sends to you. Cookies from the headers could
	      then be read in a second curl invoke by  using  the  -b/--cookie
	      option!  The  -c/--cookie-jar  option is however a better way to
	      store cookies.

	      When used on FTP, the ftp server response lines  are  considered
	      being "headers" and thus are saved there.

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -e/--referer 
	      (HTTP) Sends the "Referer Page" information to the HTTP  server.
	      This  can also be set with the -H/--header flag of course.  When
	      used with -L/--location you can append ";auto" to the  --referer
	      URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL when it fol
	      lows a Location: header. The ";auto" string can be  used	alone,
	      even if you dont set an initial --referer.

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --engine 
	      Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for  cipher  operations.
	      Use  --engine  list  to  print  a  list  of build-time supported
	      engines. Note that not all (or  none)  of  the  engines  may  be
	      available at run-time.

       --environment
	      (RISC  OS ONLY) Sets a range of environment variables, using the
	      names the -w option supports, to easier allow extraction of use
	      ful information after having run curl.

	      If  this option is used several times, each occurrence will tog
	      gle this on/off.

       --egd-file 
	      (HTTPS) Specify the path name to the  Entropy  Gathering	Daemon
	      socket.  The  socket  is	used to seed the random engine for SSL
	      connections. See also the --random-file option.

       -E/--cert 
	      (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified  certificate  file  when
	      getting  a  file with HTTPS. The certificate must be in PEM for
	      mat.  If the optional  password  isnt  specified,  it  will  be
	      queried  for  on the terminal. Note that this certificate is the
	      private key and the private certificate concatenated!

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --cert-type 
	      (SSL)  Tells curl what certificate type the provided certificate
	      is in. PEM, DER and ENG are recognized types.

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --cacert 
	      (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to ver
	      ify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The
	      certificate(s) must be in PEM format.

	      curl  recognizes the environment variable named CURL_CA_BUNDLE
	      if that is set, and uses the given path as a path to a  CA  cert
	      bundle. This option overrides that variable.

	      The  windows  version  of  curl will automatically look for a CA
	      certs file named curl-ca-bundle.crt, either in the same direc
	      tory as curl.exe, or in the Current Working Directory, or in any
	      folder along your PATH.

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --capath 
	      (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to
	      verify the peer. The certificates must be in PEM format, and the
	      directory  must  have  been processed using the c_rehash utility
	      supplied with openssl. Using --capath can  allow	curl  to  make
	      https  connections  much more efficiently than using --cacert if
	      the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.

	      If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -f/--fail
	      (HTTP)  Fail  silently (no output at all) on server errors. This
	      is mostly done like this to better enable scripts etc to	better
	      deal  with  failed  attempts. In normal cases when a HTTP server
	      fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating
	      so  (which  often  also  describes why and more). This flag will
	      prevent curl from outputting that and return error 22.

	      If this option is used twice,  the  second  will	again  disable
	      silent failure.

       --ftp-account [data]
	      (FTP) When an FTP server asks for "account data" after user name
	      and password has been provided, this data is sent off using  the
	      ACCT command. (Added in 7.13.0)

	      If  this option is used twice, the second will override the pre
	      vious use.

       --ftp-create-dirs
	      (FTP) When an FTP URL/operation uses a path  that  doesnt  cur
	      rently  exist on the server, the standard behavior of curl is to
	      fail. Using this option, curl will  instead  attempt  to	create
	      missing directories.

	      If  this	option	is  used  twice, the second will again disable
	      directory creation.

       --ftp-method [method]
	      (FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file  on  a
	      FTP(S)  server. The method argument should be one of the follow
	      ing alternatives:

	      multicwd
		     curl does a single CWD operation for each	path  part  in
		     the  given URL. For deep hierarchies this means very many
		     commands. This is how RFC1738 says  it  should  be  done.
		     This is the default but the slowest behavior.

	      nocwd  curl  does  no  CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR
		     etc and give a full path to the server for all these com
		     mands. This is the fastest behavior.

	      singlecwd
		     curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then
		     operates on the file "normally"  (like  in  the  multicwd
		     case).  This  is  somewhat  more standards compliant than
		     nocwd but without the full penalty of multicwd.

       --ftp-pasv
	      (FTP) Use PASV when transferring. PASV is the  internal  default
	      behavior, but using this option can be used to override a previ
	      ous --ftp-port option. (Added in 7.11.0)

	      If this option is used several times, the following  occurrences
	      make no difference.


       --ftp-alternative-to-user 
	      (FTP)  If  authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails,
	      send this  command.   When  connecting  to  Tumbleweeds  Secure
	      Transport  server  over  FTPS  using a client certificate, using
	      "SITE AUTH" will tell the server to retrieve the	username  from
	      the certificate. (Added in 7.15.5)

       --ftp-skip-pasv-ip
	      (FTP) Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in
	      its response to curls PASV command when curl connects the  data
	      connection.  Instead  curl  will	re-use	the same IP address it
	      already uses for the control connection. (Added in 7.14.2)

	      This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used  instead
	      of PASV.

	      If  this	option	is  used  twice, the second will again use the
	      servers suggested address.

       --ftp-ssl
	      (FTP) Try to use SSL/TLS for the FTP connection.	Reverts  to  a
	      non-secure  connection  if  the  server doesnt support SSL/TLS.
	      (Added in 7.11.0)

	      If this option is used twice,  the  second  will	again  disable
	      this.

       --ftp-ssl-reqd
	      (FTP)  Require  SSL/TLS  for the FTP connection.	Terminates the
	      connection if the server doesnt  support	SSL/TLS.   (Added  in
	      7.15.5)

	      If  this	option	is  used  twice, the second will again disable
	      this.

       -F/--form 
	      (HTTP) This lets curl emulate a filled in form in which  a  user
	      has  pressed  the  submit  button. This causes curl to POST data
	      using the Content-Type multipart/form-data according to RFC1867.
	      This  enables  uploading of binary files etc. To force the con
	      tent part to be a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To
	      just get the content part from a file, prefix the file name with
	      the letter <. The difference between @ and  <  is  then  that  @
	      makes  a	file  get attached in the post as a file upload, while
	      the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text
	      field from a file.

	      Example,	to send your password file to the server, where pass
	      word is the name of the form-field to which /etc/passwd will be
	      the input:

	      curl -F password=@/etc/passwd www.mypasswords.com

	      To  read	the files content from stdin instead of a file, use -
	      where the file name shouldve been. This goes for both @  and  <
	      constructs.

	      You  can	also  tell  curl  what	Content-Type  to  use by using
	      type=, in a manner similar to:

	      curl -F "web=@index.html;type=text/html" url.com

	      or

	      curl -F "name=daniel;type=text/foo" url.com

	      You can also explicitly change the name field of an file	upload
	      part by setting filename=, like this:

	      curl -F "file=@localfile;filename=nameinpost" url.com

	      See further examples and details in the MANUAL.

	      This option can be used multiple times.

       --form-string 
	      (HTTP)  Similar  to  --form except that the value string for the
	      named parameter is used literally. Leading @ and	<  charac
	      ters, and the ;type= string in the value have no special mean
	      ing. Use this in preference to --form if theres any possibility
	      that  the  string  value may accidentally trigger the @ or <
	      features of --form.

       -g/--globoff
	      This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set
	      this  option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[]
	      without having them being interpreted by curl itself. Note  that
	      these  letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should
	      be encoded according to the URI standard.

       -G/--get
	      When used,  this	option	will  make  all  data  specified  with
	      -d/--data  or  --data-binary  to	be  used in a HTTP GET request
	      instead of the POST request that otherwise would	be  used.  The
	      data will be appended to the URL with a ?  separator.

	      If  used	in  combination with -I, the POST data will instead be
	      appended to the URL with a HEAD request.

	      If this option is used several times, the following  occurrences
	      make no difference.

       -h/--help
	      Usage help.

       -H/--header 
(HTTP) Extra header to use when getting a web page. You may specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add a custom header that has the same name as one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even trick ier stuff than curl would normally do. You should not replace internally set headers without knowing perfectly well what youre doing. Replacing an internal header with one without con tent on the right side of the colon will prevent that header from appearing. curl will make sure that each header you add/replace get sent with the proper end of line marker, you should thus not add that as a part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage returns they will only mess things up for you. See also the -A/--user-agent and -e/--referer options. This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove multiple headers. --ignore-content-length (HTTP) Ignore the Content-Length header. This is particularly useful for servers running Apache 1.x, which will report incor rect Content-Length for files larger than 2 gigabytes. -i/--include (HTTP) Include the HTTP-header in the output. The HTTP-header includes things like server-name, date of the document, HTTP- version and more... If this option is used twice, the second will again disable header include. --interface Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter interface name, IP address or host name. An example could look like: curl --interface eth0:1 http://www.netscape.com/ If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -I/--head (HTTP/FTP/FILE) Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. When used on a FTP or FILE file, curl displays the file size and last modification time only. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable header only. -j/--junk-session-cookies (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this option will make it discard all "session cookies". This will basically have the same effect as if a new session is started. Typical browsers always discard session cookies when theyre closed down. If this option is used several times, each occurrence will tog gle this on/off. -k/--insecure (SSL) This option explicitly allows curl to perform "insecure" SSL connections and transfers. All SSL connections are attempted to be made secure by using the CA certificate bundle installed by default. This makes all connections considered "insecure" to fail unless -k/--insecure is used. If this option is used twice, the second time will again disable it. --key (SSL) Private key file name. Allows you to provide your private key in this separate file. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --key-type (SSL) Private key file type. Specify which type your --key pro vided private key is. DER, PEM and ENG are supported. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --krb4 (FTP) Enable kerberos4 authentication and use. The level must be entered and should be one of clear, safe, confidential or private. Should you use a level that is not one of these, private will instead be used. This option requires that the library was built with kerberos4 support. This is not very common. Use -V/--version to see if your curl supports it. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -K/--config Specify which config file to read curl arguments from. The con fig file is a text file in which command line arguments can be written which then will be used as if they were written on the actual command line. Options and their parameters must be speci fied on the same config file line. If the parameter is to con tain white spaces, the parameter must be enclosed within quotes. If the first column of a config line is a # character, the rest of the line will be treated as a comment. Specify the filename as - to make curl read the file from stdin. Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to this: url = "http://curl.haxx.se/docs/" This option can be used multiple times. When curl is invoked, it always (unless -q is used) checks for a default config file and uses it if found. The default config file is checked for in the following places in this order: 1) curl tries to find the "home dir": It first checks for the CURL_HOME and then the HOME environment variables. Failing that, it uses getpwuid() on unix-like systems (which returns the home dir given the current user in your system). On Windows, it then checks for the APPDATA variable, or as a last resort the %USER PROFILE%0lication Data. 2) On windows, if there is no _curlrc file in the home dir, it checks for one in the same dir the executable curl is placed. On unix-like systems, it will simply try to load .curlrc from the determined home dir. --limit-rate Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use. This feature is useful if you have a limited pipe and youd like your transfer not use your entire bandwidth. The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is appended. Appending k or K will count the number as kilo bytes, m or M makes it megabytes while g or G makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G. If you are also using the -Y/--speed-limit option, that option will take precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help keeping the speed-limit logic working. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -l/--list-only (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name- only view. Especially useful if you want to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since the normal directory view doesnt use a standard look or format. This option causes an FTP NLST command to be sent. Some FTP servers list only files in their response to NLST; they do not include subdirectories and symbolic links. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable list only. --local-port [-num] Set a prefered number or range of local port numbers to use for the connection(s). Note that port numbers by nature is a scarce resource that will be busy at times so setting this range to something too narrow might cause unnecessary connection setup failures. (Added in 7.15.2) -L/--location (HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested page has moved to a different location (indicated with a Location: header and a 3XX response code) this option will make curl redo the request on the new place. If used together with -i/--include or -I/--head, headers from all requested pages will be shown. When authentication is used, curl only sends its credentials to the initial host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it wont be able to intercept the user+password. See also --loca tion-trusted on how to change this. You can limit the amount of redirects to follow by using the --max-redirs option. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable location following. --location-trusted (HTTP/HTTPS) Like -L/--location, but will allow sending the name + password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you do a site to which youll send your authentication info (which is plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication). If this option is used twice, the second will again disable location following. --max-filesize Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the transfer will not start and curl will return with exit code 63. NOTE: The file size is not always known prior to download, and for such files this option has no effect even if the file trans fer ends up being larger than this given limit. This concerns both FTP and HTTP transfers. -m/--max-time Maximum time in seconds that you allow the whole operation to take. This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hang ing for hours due to slow networks or links going down. See also the --connect-timeout option. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -M/--manual Manual. Display the huge help text. -n/--netrc Makes curl scan the .netrc file in the users home directory for login name and password. This is typically used for ftp on unix. If used with http, curl will enable user authentication. See netrc(4) or ftp(1) for details on the file format. Curl will not complain if that file hasnt the right permissions (it should not be world nor group readable). The environment variable "HOME" is used to find the home directory. A quick and very simple example of how to setup a .netrc to allow curl to ftp to the machine host.domain.com with user name myself and password secret should look similar to: machine host.domain.com login myself password secret If this option is used twice, the second will again disable netrc usage. --netrc-optional Very similar to --netrc, but this option makes the .netrc usage optional and not mandatory as the --netrc does. --negotiate (HTTP) Enables GSS-Negotiate authentication. The GSS-Negotiate method was designed by Microsoft and is used in their web appli cations. It is primarily meant as a support for Kerberos5 authentication but may be also used along with another authenti cation methods. For more information see IETF draft draft- brezak-spnego-http-04.txt. This option requires that the library was built with GSSAPI sup port. This is not very common. Use -V/--version to see if your version supports GSS-Negotiate. When using this option, you must also provide a fake -u/--user option to activate the authentication code properly. Sending a -u : is enough as the user name and password from the -u option arent actually used. If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no difference. -N/--no-buffer Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work sit uations, curl will use a standard buffered output stream that will have the effect that it will output the data in chunks, not necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this option will disable that buffering. If this option is used twice, the second will again switch on buffering. --ntlm (HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication method was designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers. It is a proprietary protocol, reversed engineered by clever peo ple and implemented in curl based on their efforts. This kind of behavior should not be endorsed, you should encourage everyone who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented authentica tion method instead. Such as Digest. If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then use --proxy-ntlm. This option requires that the library was built with SSL sup port. Use -V/--version to see if your curl supports NTLM. If this option is used several times, the following occurrences make no difference. -o/--output Write output to instead of stdout. If you are using {} or [] to fetch multiple documents, you can use # followed by a number in the specifier. That variable will be replaced with the current string for the URL being fetched. Like in: curl http://{one,two}.site.com -o "file_#1.txt" or use several variables like: curl http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com -o "#1_#2" You may use this option as many times as you have number of URLs. See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directo ries dynamically. -O/--remote-name Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get. (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut off.) The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the given URL, nothing else. You may use this option as many times as you have number of URLs. --pass (SSL) Pass phrase for the private key If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --proxy-anyauth Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when commu nicating with the given proxy. This will cause an extra request/response round-trip. (Added in 7.13.2) If this option is used twice, the second will again disable the proxy use-any authentication. --proxy-basic Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --basic for enabling HTTP Basic with a remote host. Basic is the default authentication method curl uses with proxies. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy HTTP Basic authentication. --proxy-digest Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --digest for enabling HTTP Digest with a remote host. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy HTTP Digest. --proxy-ntlm Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating with the given proxy. Use --ntlm for enabling NTLM with a remote host. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy HTTP NTLM. -p/--proxytunnel When an HTTP proxy is used (-x/--proxy), this option will cause non-HTTP protocols to attempt to tunnel through the proxy instead of merely using it to do HTTP-like operations. The tun nel approach is made with the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy allows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants to tunnel through to. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable proxy tunnel. -P/--ftp-port
(FTP) Reverses the initiator/listener roles when connecting with ftp. This switch makes Curl use the PORT command instead of PASV. In practice, PORT tells the server to connect to the clients specified address and port, while PASV asks the server for an ip address and port to connect to.
should be one of: interface i.e "eth0" to specify which interfaces IP address you want to use (Unix only) IP address i.e "192.168.10.1" to specify exact IP number host name i.e "my.host.domain" to specify machine - make curl pick the same IP address that is already used for the control connection If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Dis able the use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to use the EPRT command instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt. EPRT is really PORT++. -q If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc config file will not be read and used. See the -K/--config for details on the default config file search path. -Q/--quote (FTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP server. Quote commands are sent BEFORE the transfer is taking place (just after the initial PWD command to be exact). To make commands take place after a successful transfer, prefix them with a dash -. To make commands get sent after libcurl has changed working directory, just before the transfer command(s), prefix the com mand with +. You may specify any amount of commands. If the server returns failure for one of the commands, the entire oper ation will be aborted. You must send syntactically correct FTP commands as RFC959 defines. This option can be used multiple times. --random-file (HTTPS) Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered as random data. The data is used to seed the random engine for SSL connections. See also the --egd-file option. -r/--range (HTTP/FTP) Retrieve a byte range (i.e a partial document) from a HTTP/1.1 or FTP server. Ranges can be specified in a number of ways. 0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes 500-999 specifies the second 500 bytes -500 specifies the last 500 bytes 9500- specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(H) 500-700,600-799 specifies 300 bytes from offset 500(H) 100-199,500-599 specifies two separate 100 bytes ranges(*)(H) (*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a multipart response! You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range, youll instead get the whole document. FTP range downloads only support the simple syntax start-stop (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). It depends on the non-RFC command SIZE. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -R/--remote-time When used, this will make libcurl attempt to figure out the timestamp of the remote file, and if that is available make the local file get that same timestamp. If this option is used twice, the second time disables this again. --retry If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a transfer, it will retry this number of times before giving up. Setting the number to 0 makes curl do no retries (which is the default). Transient error means either: a timeout, an FTP 5xx response code or an HTTP 5xx response code. When curl is about to retry a transfer, it will first wait one second and then for all forthcoming retries it will double the waiting time until it reaches 10 minutes which then will be the delay between the rest of the retries. By using --retry-delay you disable this exponential backoff algorithm. See also --retry-max-time to limit the total time allowed for retries. (Added in 7.12.3) If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence decide the amount. --retry-delay Make curl sleep this amount of time between each retry when a transfer has failed with a transient error (it changes the default backoff time algorithm between retries). This option is only interesting if --retry is also used. Setting this delay to zero will make curl use the default backoff time. (Added in 7.12.3) If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence decide the amount. --retry-max-time The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Retries will be done as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer hasnt reached this given limit. Notice that if the timer hasnt reached the limit, the request will be made and while perform ing, it may take longer than this given time period. To limit a single requests maximum time, use -m/--max-time. Set this option to zero to not timeout retries. (Added in 7.12.3) If this option is used multiple times, the last occurrence decide the amount. -s/--silent Silent mode. Dont show progress meter or error messages. Makes Curl mute. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable silent mode. -S/--show-error When used with -s it makes curl show error message if it fails. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable show error. --socks4 Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not speci fied, it is assumed at port 1080. (Added in 7.15.2) This option overrides any previous use of -x/--proxy, as they are mutually exclusive. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --socks5 Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy. If the port number is not speci fied, it is assumed at port 1080. (Added in 7.11.1) This option overrides any previous use of -x/--proxy, as they are mutually exclusive. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. (This option was previously wrongly documented and used as --socks without the number appended.) --stderr Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If the file name is a plain -, it is instead written to stdout. This option has no point when youre using a shell with decent redirecting capabilities. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --tcp-nodelay Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the curl_easy_setopt(3) man page for details about this option. (Added in 7.11.2) If this option is used several times, each occurrence toggles this on/off. -t/--telnet-option Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are: TTYPE= Sets the terminal type. XDISPLOC= Sets the X display location. NEW_ENV= Sets an environment variable. -T/--upload-file This transfers the specified local file to the remote URL. If there is no file part in the specified URL, Curl will append the local file name. NOTE that you must use a trailing / on the last directory to really prove to Curl that there is no file name or curl will think that your last directory name is the remote file name to use. That will most likely cause the upload operation to fail. If this is used on a http(s) server, the PUT command will be used. Use the file name "-" (a single dash) to use stdin instead of a given file. You can specify one -T for each URL on the command line. Each -T + URL pair specifies what to upload and to where. curl also sup ports "globbing" of the -T argument, meaning that you can upload multiple files to a single URL by using the same URL globbing style supported in the URL, like this: curl -T "{file1,file2}" http://www.uploadtothissite.com or even curl -T "img[1-1000].png" ftp://ftp.picturemania.com/upload/ --trace Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --trace-ascii Enables a full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout. This is very similar to --trace, but leaves out the hex part and only shows the ASCII part of the dump. It makes smaller output that might be easier to read for untrained humans. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --trace-time Prepends a time stamp to each trace or verbose line that curl displays. (Added in 7.14.0) If this option is used several times, each occurrence will tog gle it on/off. -u/--user Specify user and password to use for server authentication. Overrides -n/--netrc and --netrc-optional. If you use an SSPI-enabled curl binary and do NTLM autentica tion, you can force curl to pick up the user name and password from your environment by simply specifying a single colon with this option: "-u :". If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -U/--proxy-user Specify user and password to use for proxy authentication. If you use an SSPI-enabled curl binary and do NTLM autentica tion, you can force curl to pick up the user name and password from your environment by simply specifying a single colon with this option: "-U :". If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. --url Specify a URL to fetch. This option is mostly handy when you want to specify URL(s) in a config file. This option may be used any number of times. To control where this URL is written, use the -o/--output or the -O/--remote-name options. -v/--verbose Makes the fetching more verbose/talkative. Mostly usable for debugging. Lines starting with > means "header data" sent by curl, < means "header data" received by curl that is hidden in normal cases and lines starting with * means additional info provided by curl. Note that if you only want HTTP headers in the output, -i/--include might be option youre looking for. If you think this option still doesnt give you enough details, consider using --trace or --trace-ascii instead. If this option is used twice, the second will again disable ver bose. -V/--version Displays information about curl and the libcurl version it uses. The first line includes the full version of curl, libcurl and other 3rd party libraries linked with the executable. The second line (starts with "Protocols:") shows all protocols that libcurl reports to support. The third line (starts with "Features:") shows specific features libcurl reports to offer. Available features include: IPv6 You can use IPv6 with this. krb4 Krb4 for ftp is supported. SSL HTTPS and FTPS are supported. libz Automatic decompression of compressed files over HTTP is supported. NTLM NTLM authentication is supported. GSS-Negotiate Negotiate authentication is supported. Debug This curl uses a libcurl built with Debug. This enables more error-tracking and memory debugging etc. For curl- developers only! AsynchDNS This curl uses asynchronous name resolves. SPNEGO SPNEGO Negotiate authentication is supported. Largefile This curl supports transfers of large files, files larger than 2GB. IDN This curl supports IDN - international domain names. SSPI SSPI is supported. If you use NTLM and set a blank user name, curl will authenticate with your current user and password. -w/--write-out Defines what to display on stdout after a completed and success ful operation. The format is a string that may contain plain text mixed with any number of variables. The string can be spec ified as "string", to get read from a particular file you spec ify it "@filename" and to tell curl to read the format from stdin you write "@-". The variables present in the output format will be substituted by the value or text that curl thinks fit, as described below. All variables are specified like %{variable_name} and to output a normal % you just write them like %%. You can output a newline by using \n, a carriage return with \r and a tab space with \t. NOTE: The %-letter is a special letter in the win32-environment, where all occurrences of % must be doubled when using this option. Available variables are at this point: url_effective The URL that was fetched last. This is mostly meaningful if youve told curl to follow loca tion: headers. http_code The numerical code that was found in the last retrieved HTTP(S) page. http_connect The numerical code that was found in the last response (from a proxy) to a curl CONNECT request. (Added in 7.12.4) time_total The total time, in seconds, that the full opera tion lasted. The time will be displayed with mil lisecond resolution. time_namelookup The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name resolving was completed. time_connect The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed. time_pretransfer The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the file transfer is just about to begin. This includes all pre-transfer commands and nego tiations that are specific to the particular pro tocol(s) involved. time_redirect The time, in seconds, it took for all redirection steps include name lookup, connect, pretransfer and transfer before final transaction was started. time_redirect shows the complete execution time for multiple redirections. (Added in 7.12.3) time_starttransfer The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte is just about to be trans ferred. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server needs to calculate the result. size_download The total amount of bytes that were downloaded. size_upload The total amount of bytes that were uploaded. size_header The total amount of bytes of the downloaded head ers. size_request The total amount of bytes that were sent in the HTTP request. speed_download The average download speed that curl measured for the complete download. speed_upload The average upload speed that curl measured for the complete upload. content_type The Content-Type of the requested document, if there was any. num_connects Number of new connects made in the recent trans fer. (Added in 7.12.3) num_redirects Number of redirects that were followed in the request. (Added in 7.12.3) ftp_entry_path The initial path libcurl ended up in when logging on to the remote FTP server. (Added in 7.15.4) If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -x/--proxy Use specified HTTP proxy. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at port 1080. This option overrides existing environment variables that sets proxy to use. If theres an environment variable setting a proxy, you can set proxy to "" to override it. Note that all operations that are performed over a HTTP proxy will transparently be converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol specific operations might not be available. This is not the case if you can tunnel through the proxy, as done with the -p/--proxytunnel option. Starting with 7.14.1, the proxy host can be specified the exact same way as the proxy environment variables, include protocol prefix (http://) and embedded user + password. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -X/--request (HTTP) Specifies a custom request method to use when communicat ing with the HTTP server. The specified request will be used instead of the method otherwise used (which defaults to GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and explanations. (FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when doing file lists with ftp. If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. -y/--speed-time

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