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SPLAIN(1)	       Perl Programmers Reference Guide 	     SPLAIN(1)



NAME
       diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics

SYNOPSIS
       Using the "diagnostics" pragma:

	   use diagnostics;
	   use diagnostics -verbose;

	   enable  diagnostics;
	   disable diagnostics;

       Using the "splain" standalone filter program:

	   perl program 2>diag.out
	   splain [-v] [-p] diag.out

       Using diagnostics to get stack traces from a misbehaving script:

	   perl -Mdiagnostics=-traceonly my_script.pl

DESCRIPTION
       The "diagnostics" Pragma

       This module extends the terse diagnostics normally emitted by both the
       perl compiler and the perl interpreter (from running perl with a -w
       switch or "use warnings"), augmenting them with the more explicative
       and endearing descriptions found in perldiag.  Like the other pragmata,
       it affects the compilation phase of your program rather than merely the
       execution phase.

       To use in your program as a pragma, merely invoke

	   use diagnostics;

       at the start (or near the start) of your program.  (Note that this does
       enable perls -w flag.)  Your whole compilation will then be subject(ed
       :-) to the enhanced diagnostics.  These still go out STDERR.

       Due to the interaction between runtime and compiletime issues, and
       because its probably not a very good idea anyway, you may not use "no
       diagnostics" to turn them off at compiletime.  However, you may control
       their behaviour at runtime using the disable() and enable() methods to
       turn them off and on respectively.

       The -verbose flag first prints out the perldiag introduction before any
       other diagnostics.  The $diagnostics::PRETTY variable can generate
       nicer escape sequences for pagers.

       Warnings dispatched from perl itself (or more accurately, those that
       match descriptions found in perldiag) are only displayed once (no
       duplicate descriptions).  User code generated warnings a la warn() are
       unaffected, allowing duplicate user messages to be displayed.

       This module also adds a stack trace to the error message when perl
       dies.  This is useful for pinpointing what caused the death. The
       -traceonly (or just -t) flag turns off the explanations of warning mes
       sages leaving just the stack traces. So if your script is dieing, run
       it again with

	 perl -Mdiagnostics=-traceonly my_bad_script

       to see the call stack at the time of death. By supplying the -warntrace
       (or just -w) flag, any warnings emitted will also come with a stack
       trace.

       The splain Program

       While apparently a whole nuther program, splain is actually nothing
       more than a link to the (executable) diagnostics.pm module, as well as
       a link to the diagnostics.pod documentation.  The -v flag is like the
       "use diagnostics -verbose" directive.  The -p flag is like the $diag
       nostics::PRETTY variable.  Since youre post-processing with splain,
       theres no sense in being able to enable() or disable() processing.

       Output from splain is directed to STDOUT, unlike the pragma.

EXAMPLES
       The following file is certain to trigger a few errors at both runtime
       and compiletime:

	   use diagnostics;
	   print NOWHERE "nothing\n";
	   print STDERR "\n\tThis message should be unadorned.\n";
	   warn "\tThis is a user warning";
	   print "\nDIAGNOSTIC TESTER: Please enter a  here: ";
	   my $a, $b = scalar ;
	   print "\n";
	   print $x/$y;

       If you prefer to run your program first and look at its problem after
       wards, do this:

	   perl -w test.pl 2>test.out
	   ./splain < test.out

       Note that this is not in general possible in shells of more dubious
       heritage, as the theoretical

	   (perl -w test.pl >/dev/tty) >& test.out
	   ./splain < test.out

       Because you just moved the existing stdout to somewhere else.

       If you dont want to modify your source code, but still have on-the-fly
       warnings, do this:

	   exec 3>&1; perl -w test.pl 2>&1 1>&3 3>&- | splain 1>&2 3>&-

       Nifty, eh?

       If you want to control warnings on the fly, do something like this.
       Make sure you do the "use" first, or you wont be able to get at the
       enable() or disable() methods.

	   use diagnostics; # checks entire compilation phase
	       print "\ntime for 1st bogus diags: SQUAWKINGS\n";
	       print BOGUS1 nada;
	       print "done with 1st bogus\n";

	   disable diagnostics; # only turns off runtime warnings
	       print "\ntime for 2nd bogus: (squelched)\n";
	       print BOGUS2 nada;
	       print "done with 2nd bogus\n";

	   enable diagnostics; # turns back on runtime warnings
	       print "\ntime for 3rd bogus: SQUAWKINGS\n";
	       print BOGUS3 nada;
	       print "done with 3rd bogus\n";

	   disable diagnostics;
	       print "\ntime for 4th bogus: (squelched)\n";
	       print BOGUS4 nada;
	       print "done with 4th bogus\n";

INTERNALS
       Diagnostic messages derive from the perldiag.pod file when available at
       runtime.  Otherwise, they may be embedded in the file itself when the
       splain package is built.   See the Makefile for details.

       If an extant $SIG{__WARN__} handler is discovered, it will continue to
       be honored, but only after the diagnostics::splainthis() function (the
       modules $SIG{__WARN__} interceptor) has had its way with your warn
       ings.

       There is a $diagnostics::DEBUG variable you may set if youre desper
       ately curious what sorts of things are being intercepted.

	   BEGIN { $diagnostics::DEBUG = 1 }

BUGS
       Not being able to say "no diagnostics" is annoying, but may not be
       insurmountable.

       The "-pretty" directive is called too late to affect matters.  You have
       to do this instead, and before you load the module.

	   BEGIN { $diagnostics::PRETTY = 1 }

       I could start up faster by delaying compilation until it should be
       needed, but this gets a "panic: top_level" when using the pragma form
       in Perl 5.001e.

       While its true that this documentation is somewhat subserious, if you
       use a program named splain, you should expect a bit of whimsy.

AUTHOR
       Tom Christiansen , 25 June 1995.



perl v5.8.8			  2008-04-25			     SPLAIN(1)




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